What Is Thyroid Cancer?

The thyroid is a small gland in the neck that helps regulate metabolism. Thyroid cancer occurs when cells in this gland grow uncontrollably.

There are several types, including papillary and follicular (more common) and rarer forms like medullary and anaplastic thyroid cancer.

What Causes It?

Thyroid cancer develops from changes in cell DNA. While the exact cause isn’t always known, risk factors may include:

• Age and gender

• Family history

• Certain genetic mutations

• Radiation exposure

• Low iodine levels

How Is It Diagnosed?

Diagnosis may include:

• Imaging (ultrasound, CT, PET, MRI)

• Blood tests

• Radioiodine scans

• Biopsy to confirm cancer

These tests help your care team understand the cancer and guide treatment.

Signs and Symptoms

Symptoms may include:

• Swelling or lump in the neck

• Hoarseness or voice changes

• Difficulty swallowing or breathing

• Persistent cough

• Enlarged lymph nodes

If you notice any of these, it’s important to talk to your doctor.

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the type and stage of cancer and may include:

• Surgery

• Hormone therapy

• Radiation

• Chemotherapy

Your care team will work with you to create a plan that fits your needs and goals.

Our Approach at Oncura Health

At Oncura Health, we take a coordinated, patient-centered approach to care. From diagnosis through treatment and beyond, our team works together to provide clear guidance, personalized care, and ongoing support—every step of the way.